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Ref document: https://intranet.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/scp/Standards_for_quality_compliance/18-M49_update_2July2024_clean.pdf

Extract from that document (bold and other emphasis, are mine (CC)):

  • The standard here presented is composed of:
    • The list of countries or areas: 255 M49 active country or area codes, of which:
      • 250 are included in the standard M49
      • 2 are added by FAO in agreement with UNSD (codes 158 and 836)
      • 3 are added by FAO for internal purpose only (codes 381, 412 and 835)
    • The list of M49 former country or area codes to archive old time series
    • The composition of regional and other groupings
  • The M49 is modified for FAO statistical purposes only in the following cases, discussed and agreed with UNSD:
    • The FAO legal term “Palestine” (available in FAO NOCS as of 24 April 2018) is used in place of the M49 descriptor “State of Palestine”, in line with the FAO legal recommendation. As of May 2018, the descriptor “Palestine” is available in the names of countries database5 (NOCS).
    • The code and descriptor for “Taiwan, Province of China” is added thanks to a bilateral agreement between FAO and China. In this way the principle of “One China” is respected but at the same time it is possible to publish statistics about Taiwan, which otherwise is not represented in M49. As of May 2018, the descriptor “Taiwan, Province of China” is available in the names of countries database (NOCS).
    • “Kosovo” is added for FAO statistical purposes (as per IDWG members request). As of May 2018, the descriptor “Kosovo (Serbia)” has been agreed with FAOTERM. This code is however for internal use only and data on “Kosovo (Serbia)” should not be disseminated.
    • “United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar” is added for FAO statistical purposes (as per IDWG members request). As of May 2018, the descriptor “United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar” has been agreed with FAOTERM.
    • “United Republic of Tanzania, mainland (ex Tanganyika)” is added (as per IDWG members request). This code is however for internal use only and data on “United Republic of Tanzania, mainland (ex Tanganyika)” should not be disseminated.
    • “Italy–- San Marino–- Holy See” is added (as per IDWG members request). This code is however for internal use only and data on “Italy–- San Marino–- Holy See” should not be disseminated.



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